OUR GUEST SPEAKERS

Amelia Rosenberg

Vice President, Advent International

Amelia Rosenberg joined Advent in 2021 and is a Vice President in London. She is a member of the Limited Partner Services Group and focuses on investor relations and fundraising activities.

Prior to joining Advent, Amelia worked at G Square Healthcare Private Equity, where her responsibilities included sourcing new transactions and working with existing portfolio companies. Before that, Amelia worked as an Investment Banking Analyst on the Healthcare team at Rothschild & Co.

Amelia holds a BA (Hons) in Political Economy from King’s College London.

Danielle Candfield

Director, Hg Capital

Danielle is responsible for leading its Customer Success function. This means execution of all of Hg’s client facing activities, including driving fundraising process, client communications and events, and ensuring Hg’s clients receive best-in-class service across the board. She has been involved in all of Hg fundraisings since 2011, and previously led Hg’s co-investment syndication efforts.

Danielle has been at Hg for 14 years, after starting her career in corporate finance at Gleacher Shacklock in their M&A, ECM and debt restructuring teams. Danielle holds a degree in Economics & Management from the University of Oxford.

Michail Zekkos

Partner, Global Co-Head of Technology, Permira

Michail is Global Co-Head of Technology, serves on the Investment Committee and chairs the Portfolio Review and Realisation Committee for the Buyout Funds. He also headed Permira's London office from 2019 to 2022.

He focuses on buyout and minority growth investment opportunities in the Technology sector, with a particular focus in software.

He has worked on a number of transactions including The Key, Mimecast, Curriculum Associates, Teraco, Exclusive Group, Netafim, GoCardless, Sysdig, Tract and Findus Italy, and currently serves at the board of The Key, Mimecast, Exclusive Networks, Sysdig and Curriculum Associates.

Prior to joining Permira in 2007, Michail worked for eight years in technology investment banking at JPMorgan in London.

Qualifications

Michail has degrees in Political Sciences and Economics from Athens Law School, Greece, and the American College of Greece, respectively. He also holds a Master's in Economics and Finance from Warwick Business School, England, and an MBA from INSEAD, France.

Peter Lockhead

joined ICG in June 2017 and is a Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of the Senior Debt Partners strategy

Prior to joining ICG, Peter was the Portfolio Manager for Avenue Capital’s direct lending business in Europe, having joined Avenue in September 2012 to establish that business. Previously Peter was a Managing Director and Head of Sponsor Leveraged Finance at Bank of America Merrill Lynch, and before that a Managing Director in the Financial Sponsor Coverage and Leverage Finance groups at Merrill Lynch. Previously, he worked for Barclays Capital in their Leveraged Finance & Sponsor Coverage Group and NatWest Markets in their Acquisition Finance team.

Peter received a first class honours degree in Banking and Finance from Loughborough University.

Ralph Schlosstein

Chairman Emeritus of Evercore, the global investment banking advisory firm, Senior Advisor to Warburg Pincus, the global private equity firm and Chairman of Hill Castle, the investment vehicle for the Schlosstein-Hartley family

Prior to 2022, Mr. Schlosstein served as co-chairman of the Board of Directors and co- CEO of Evercore, positions he held since July 2020. Prior to that, he served as president and CEO of Evercore for more than 11 years.

Prior to joining Evercore, Mr. Schlosstein served for twenty years as the President of BlackRock, the largest asset management firm in the world, with more than $11.5 trillion of assets under management.  Mr. Schlosstein co-founded BlackRock in 1988, was a director since the company went public in 1999, chaired BlackRock’s management committee and was a member of the executive and investment committees.

From 1981-1988, Mr. Schlosstein worked in investment banking at Lehman Brothers, the last four years as a managing director. From 1974 until early 1981, Mr. Schlosstein worked for the US Government, the last four years as an Associate Director of the White House Domestic Policy staff under President Carter

In addition, to being a trustee of Lincoln Center, Mr. Schlosstein is a director of New Visions for Public Schools and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Previously, he was a member of the Visiting Board of Overseers of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University; a trustee of Denison University; a trustee of Trinity School in New York City; a trustee of the American Museum of Natural History; and a trustee of The Public Theater in New York City.

He graduated cum laude with a B.A. from Denison University and completed his coursework for a Master of Public Policy from the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh.

Becky Worthington

Chief Financial Officer (CFO) at Canary Wharf Group

Becky Worthington is Chief Financial Officer (CFO) at Canary Wharf Group since 2021. Previous Executive Director roles include CFO at IQ Student Accommodation and Countryside Properties, CEO and Founder of Lodestone Capital Partners and CFO of Quintain. Previous Non Executive roles include Board Member and Chair of the Audit committee for British Land Plc, Hansteen Plc, Aga Rangemaster Plc and Alstria Office Reit AG.

Nora Karageorgieva

Principal, Global Infrastructure Partners — part of BlackRock’s infrastructure investment platform

Nora Karageorgieva joined GIP in 2018 and is based in London, where she focuses on originating and managing investments across the European energy and environmental services sectors.

She has played key roles in several major transactions, including the acquisition and subsequent sale to ADQ of a stake in ADNOC’s UAE gas pipelines, the sale of ~50% of London Gatwick Airport to VINCI, asset management and select disposals for Vena Group (the largest panAPAC renewables developer), and the acquisition of New Suez by a consortium of GIP/Meridiam/CDC/CNP.

Nora currently serves on the Board of Paris-headquartered Suez SA, a leading global environmental services provider in water and waste.

Prior to GIP, she started her career in the Infrastructure M&A team at Royal Bank of Canada in London and Madrid, covering the broader European market.

She holds a First-Class Honours BSc in Business Management from King’s College London and has completed the Executive Education Program in Climate Change: Economics and Policy at Harvard University.

Michele Scuro

Strategy Principal, Apax

Michele Scuro is a Strategy Principal in the Investor Relations team.  He joined Apax in 2023 and is currently based in London.

Prior to joining Apax, Michele worked 13 years at Barclays in Corporate Development, Strategy and Business roles. Michele also worked in Investment Banking at Citi and Merrill Lynch and in Strategic Consulting at Bain & Company.

Michele holds a degree summa cum laude in Business and Economics from Luiss Guido Carli University of Rome.

Franziska Kayser

Joined KKR in 2011, a member of the European Private Equity team where she leads TMT activities

Franziska Kayser is a member of the European Private Equity Investment Committee and Portfolio Management Committee. Prior to joining KKR, she worked in the investment banking division of Credit Suisse in London. Ms. Kayser holds a B.A. with First Class Honours from McGill University, Canada.

Andrew Fairbairn

Executive Vice President, SEO USA

Andrew Fairbairn is the Senior Vice President of SEO, overseeing SEO’s five professional programs: Career, Tech Developer, Alternative Investments, Law, and Leadership Institute.

Andrew has been involved with SEO for almost three decades, beginning in 1995 as an SEO Career intern for Lehman Brothers, which launched his career in finance, consulting, and executive leadership. In 2000, Andrew co-founded SEO London while on assignment with Deutsche Bank, and after many years on the board of directors, he became the CEO in 2016. Under his tenure at SEO, Andrew oversaw the growth of all SEO London programming. Andrew knows firsthand the power and impact of SEO and believes that SEO is a “powerful vector for hope in our society.”

Andrew’s upbringing has been influential throughout his life and has solidified his focus on racial equity and social justice. Although he was born in Massachusetts, Andrew spent his first 10 years in Jamaica, West Indies, in his mother’s hometown. He moved back to the Boston area for middle school and high school. Being mixed race, Andrew is simultaneously an insider and an outsider in many of the conversations on race and differences in our society. Throughout his formative experiences, he saw how systemic factors can be limiting for so many individuals and communities, which solidified his commitment to ensuring opportunity is available to all.

Andrew brings an entrepreneurial and cross-industry perspective to his role and is passionate about seeing young people succeed.

Helene Schutrumpf

Founder, Drake Advisory

Helene Schutrumpf is the founder of Drake Advisory, a specialist placement and advisory firm supporting private market managers and deal sponsors in raising institutional capital. Ms Schutrumpf is an accomplished private markets fundraising and investor relations leader with 15 years of experience raising capital from top-tier institutional investors worldwide. Having worked both as a consultant and in-house, she is a trusted partner to CEOs, CIOs, and investment committees, known for delivering targeted, efficient fundraising strategies and cultivating long-term investor relationships. Her background in investment bank proprietary trading brings a risk-aware, investment-led perspective to capital formation. She has raised capital across private equity, private credit, and real estate strategies.

Suzana Perić

Managing Director and Co-Head of Sourcing & Origination, Oaktree

Ms. Perić is a managing director in Oaktree’s Sourcing & Origination group, focusing on private credit sourcing and deal origination across Europe. She joined Oaktree in 2023 from Bridgepoint Credit (previously EQT Credit), where she served as a managing director and Head of Origination and Opportunities for its opportunities fund and built the fund’s pan-European origination function. Previously, Ms. Perić led Santander’s EMEA Loan Sales team across project finance, real estate, leveraged finance, corporates and infrastructure. In her early career, she worked at HSH Nordbank, Natixis and Hamburg Hafencity. She graduated from ESCP Europe Business School (London/Madrid) and holds an M.A. in philology from the University of Hamburg, Germany. Ms. Perić is a native German and Croatian speaker, and business fluent in Spanish.

Martin Weatherston-Wilson

Partner, Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP

Martin Weatherston-Wilson is a Corporate partner in London. He advises both private equity sponsors and corporates on a broad range of domestic and cross-border transactions, including buyouts, private M&A, takeovers, equity issues, management incentive programmes, reorganisations and general corporate advisory matters.

Ric Lewis

Executive Chairman and Chief Investment Officer of Tristan Capital Partners

Ric Lewis is Executive Chairman and Chief Investment Officer of Tristan Capital Partners, an independent real estate investment management firm with €16 billion of assets under management across the UK and continental Europe. Ric founded the firm in 2009, continuing the collaborative track record he established with former partners at Curzon Global Partners/ AEW Europe, a €20+bn real estate private equity company (1998‐2008) where he played a leading role in their European expansion.

Ric was awarded the 2021 Urban Land Institute (ULI) European Leader Award for his contribution to urban development and real estate. Ric is the only two‐time recipient of Real Estate Private Equity Professional of the Year 2013 and 2015; and he ranked first in the JP Morgan/EY Powerlist 2019 as the UK’s most influential person of Afro‐Caribbean heritage. In 2019, Ric was also included in Facebook’s global list of ‘50 over 50’ of the world’s leading entrepreneurs and innovators.

In 2009, Ric founded The Black Heart Foundation dedicated to improving educational access, quality, and outcomes for underprivileged young people. The foundation has provided educational scholarships to over 850 Black Heart Scholars at 160 intuitions completing 155 degrees, courses, training, and education programmes throughout the UK (and US).

Ric also serves on a number of Boards, including Trustee of the Royal National Children’s Springboard Foundation and Non‐Executive Director of Legal & General Group Plc. In 2024, Ric joined the Board of Trustees of The Earthshot Prize and in July 2025, Ric was appointed Chair of The Crown Estate.

Ric graduated from Dartmouth College and Harvard Business School and holds an Honorary Master’s Degree from Dartmouth College. He has dual British and American citizenship and has resided in London since 1998 with his two daughters.

Issam Abedin

Charlie Tafoya

Co-Founder and CEO, Chronograph

Charlie is the Co-Founder and CEO of Chronograph, provider of next-generation portfolio monitoring and reporting solutions to private capital LPs and GPs. He previously was a private equity secondaries investor with Pantheon Ventures and investment banker with Bank of America Merrill Lynch.

Charlie is an SEO alum and current mentor of both the Investment Banking Career program and Alternative Investment Fellowship and joined the SEO Junior Leadership Board in 2018.

SEO Investment Banking Career Alum 2008, Mentor

SEO Alternative Investments Fellow 2012, Mentor

SEO Junior Leadership Board 2018

Joanne Yoo

Partner, Development Partners International (DPI)

Joanne Yoo is a Partner at Development Partners International (DPI), a leading Pan African private equity and venture investment firm with over $3 billion under management targeting investments in high growth and innovation-led companies across the continent. DPI’s successful track record includes a long-term approach to investing with a focus on value creation, and partnering with strong management teams, while delivering returns for leading global investors. Ms. Yoo serves on a number of Advisory Boards and Investment Committees including the endowment of the Executive Leadership Council endowment. In 2020, Ms. Yoo was appointed by the Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to the Investor Advisory Committee. Ms. Yoo’s industry contributions have garnered global recognition, including being named one of Private Equity International’s Women of Influence in 2024, and receiving the 2023 Influential Women in Institutional Investing award by Pension & Investments.

Dami Lalude

Managing Director, Bregal Sphere

Dami Lalude is a Managing Director at Bregal Sphere, the impact investing platform of Bregal Investments, investing in climate and nature-based solutions. Prior to joining Bregal, Dami was a senior investment professional with Helios Investment Partners where she was part of the founding team of the firm’s climate impact fund.

She started her career in investment banking at Goldman Sachs where she worked in European mergers & acquisitions and high-yield capital markets.

Dami is currently an independent member of the Ethical Investment Advisory Group of the Church of England. She holds an MEng in Chemical Engineering from Imperial College (first class honours) and received her MBA from Harvard Business School.

Philipp Freise

Co-Head of European Private Equity at KKR

Philipp Freise is Co-Head of European Private Equity at KKR. Philipp led KKR's investments in FGS Global, Superstruct, Axel Springer SE, BMG Rights Management, Fotolia, GetYourGuide, GfK SE, Leonine, Mediawan SAS, Scout24 Switzerland and Trainline, and played a significant role in various other KKR TMT and German transactions. Prior to joining KKR, Philipp worked at McKinsey & Company and subsequently co-founded Berlin-based venture investment firm Venturepark, Europe's first pan-European incubator.

Assia Belkahia

Partner, Antin Infrastrucure Partners

Assia Belkahia joined Antin in 2017 and is based in London.

Ms. Belkahia holds board positions for CityFibre, the UK’s largest independent full fibre network; Wildstone, Europe’s largest owner of outdoor media infrastructure; Hippocrates, the leading Italian independent pharmacy platform; Consilium Safety, a global leader in safety management infrastructure; and Aquavista, the UK’s largest marina infrastructure owner and operator.

Ms Belkahia led the feasibility phase, preparation, and launch of Antin’s NextGen infrastructure strategy.

Prior to joining Antin, Ms Belkahia worked at CPP Investments, where she focused on core infrastructure.

Ms Belkahia began her career in mergers and acquisitions at Rothschild and holds an MSc in Business from ESSEC Business School.

Dana Haimoff

Managing Director, JP Morgan Asset Management

Dana Haimoff, a managing director, joined the Private Equity Group in 2002. She is a senior portfolio manager in the London office.

Ms Haimoff is responsible for sourcing, due diligence and monitoring private equity primary venture capital, growth and buyout funds, as well as secondary and co-investment opportunities, on behalf of the group’s commingled and separate account funds.

She currently serves on a number of private equity limited partner advisory committees.

Ms Haimoff is the co-founder of Level20, a not-for-profit organisation established to encourage women to succeed in the private equity industry. She is also a member of the British Venture Capital Association’s Limited Partner Committee.

Ms Haimoff is a director on the boards of JPMorgan Asset Management International Ltd and JPMorgan Asset Management (UK) Ltd, and is responsible for the firm’s Senior Managers and Certification Regime (SMCR) coverage for EMEA Alternatives.

Philippe Ferneini

Partner, StepStone Group

Mr. Ferneini is a member of the private equity team focusing on secondaries.

Prior to joining StepStone in 2019,

Mr. Ferneini spent five years at Glendower Capital and Deutsche Bank focusing on Secondaries transactions. Previously Mr. Ferneini was an Investment Banker at Credit Suisse and Management Consultant at Strategy& (formerly Booz & Company).

Mr. Ferneini holds an MBA from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and a M.Eng Grande Ecole diploma from Telecom Paris.

Charlotte Saury

Managing Director, Infrastructure Investing, Goldman Sachs Asset Management

Charlotte is a managing director in Infrastructure Investing within Goldman Sachs Asset Management.

She serves as co-head of the EMEA Asset Management Women’s Network. Charlotte joined Goldman Sachs in 2013 as an analyst and was named managing director in 2023.

Charlotte serves on the board of Verdalia Bioenergy, a pan-European biomethane platform, Goodpack, a global container solutions business, and Adapteo, a northern European modular space rental business.

Charlotte earned an MSc in Finance from ESCP Europe Business School in Paris in 2013.

Partner at TPG

Jide Olanrewaju is a Partner within the $25 Bn impact investing platform of TPG where he focuses on investments in Africa. He has been investing in the region since 2009.

Jide has invested across Healthcare, FMCG, Agri-business, Conservation and Financial Services. He
has worked across the full investment lifecycle including transaction origination, business building,
day to day operations and exit realisations. He sits on various TPG portfolio company boards. Prior to his investing career, Jide was at Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs and Shell.
Jide holds an M.Eng. in Mechanical Engineering from Imperial College, London (specialization in
Nuclear Reactor Technology). He is a Vice Chairman of the Royal African Society. He maintains an
avid interest in African history including directing a film documentary on the history of Nigeria.
Mr. Olanrewaju was born and raised in Nigeria and is a dual national of Nigeria and the UK

Managing Director, Warburg Pincus

Issam Abedin is based in London, joined Warburg Pincus in 2015, and is a Managing Director in the Technology group. He helps lead the firm’s investment efforts in the technology and tech-enabled services sectors in Europe. Issam is currently a Board Director of Epassi, Quantexa and Inspired Education, as well as a Board Observer at Personetics. Issam has also been involved with the firm’s investments in Network International (listed on LSEG), IONOS (listed on FRA) and Arsipa. Prior to joining Warburg Pincus, Issam was a Managing Director of Rocket Internet, incubating and scaling e-Commerce ventures across large B2C verticals. Issam also worked in the Financial Institutions group of J.P. Morgan in London. He graduated with a Business Administration degree from WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management in Germany and also studied at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.

Jide Olanrewaju

Ian Marcus OBE

Senior Adviser, Eastdil Secured

Ian graduated from the University of Cambridge in 1981 with a degree in Land Economy. Ian was in the banking industry for over 32 years having previously worked for Bank of America, UBS, NatWest and Bankers Trust/Deutsche, always focusing on the real estate industry. Ian joined Credit Suisse First Boston in 1999 to establish the Real Estate Group, and became Managing Director and Chairman of the European Real Estate Investment Banking.

Ian is a member of Redevco’s Advisory Board, Chair of Europe’s Largest Self Storage Business, Shurgard, and  The Senior Non-Executive Director for Town Centre Securities Plc. He is a Senior Adviser to both Eastdil Secured and Anschutz Entertainment Group. He is the Senior Advisor to two new Businesses, Work Life and Elysian Residences. He is a Deputy Chair of the Saracens Multi Academy Trust and a Non-executive Director of a data centre business, Green Mountain Global. He chaired the Princes Regeneration Trust for 11 years and was a Trustee of the Princes Foundation.

Ian is a former Crown Estate Commissioner, former Senior Independent Director of Secure Income REIT, a past President of the British Property Federation, past President of the Cambridge University Land Society, past Chairman of the Investment Property Forum, a Fellow of the RICS and for 10 years chaired the Bank of England Commercial Property Forum.

Ian was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in HM Queen’s 2020 Birthday Honours List.

Brenlen Jinkens

Partner, PJT Park Hill

Prior to joining PJT Park Hill, Mr. Jinkens was a Senior Advisor and a global co-head of Jefferies’ Private Capital Advisory group, based in London. Prior to this, Mr. Jinkens was the Head of European Capital Advisory at Greenhill, and a former Partner and Member of the Executive Committee of Cogent Partners, and Managing Partner of Cogent Partners Europe.

Mr. Jinkens graduated with an MBA from Stanford University, and a Bachelor in International Relations from Princeton University.

Nik Morandi

Senior Managing Director, Strategic Partners, Blackstone

Nik Morandi is a Senior Managing Director within Blackstone’s Strategic Partners team and leads the private equity investment activities for Strategic Partners in Europe. Nik is based in London.

Prior to joining Blackstone, Nik led the secondaries business in Europe for the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board since joining the firm in 2016, with responsibility for all transaction-related activities. Before joining CPPIB, he was a Partner at Pantheon and a member of the firm’s global secondaries investment committee, where he also led the firm’s Portfolio Strategy and Research teams. Prior to joining Pantheon in 2007, Nik spent a number of years in the M&A departments of both UBS and Société Générale.

Nik received a BSc in Economics from the LSE and an MPhil in European Politics and Economics from Oxford University.

Carlos Baigorri

Managing Director, Davidson Kempner

Carlos Baigorri is a Managing Director in the European Credit business at Davidson Kempner. Prior to joining Davidson Kempner in 2017, Mr. Baigorri was a Managing Director at Hayfin Capital Management and an Associate at Goldman Sachs. Mr. Baigorri received a B.S. in Business Administration from CUNEF University in Madrid.

Vice President, Blue Earth Capital

Rita Nguyen joined Blue Earth Capital in 2024 as Vice President in the Private Equity Partnerships strategy, specialising in secondaries, co-investments, and primary fund investments across impact markets in Asia, with a focus on both Climate and Social impacts. Prior to joining Blue Earth Capital, she was an Investment Manager at PGGM, the asset manager of the Dutch pension fund of the healthcare sector, where she worked on primaries and co-investments mainly in Europe and Asia, covering various sectors in the upper midmarket and global buyout segments.
Rita holds an MSc in Finance and Investments Advanced and a BSc in International Business Administration from Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University (the Netherlands).

Rita Nguyen

Chirantan Patnaik

Director, Venture Capital at British International Investment plc (BII)

Chirantan Patnaik is Director Venture Capital at British International Investment plc. He leads BII’s early-stage business across South Asia and Africa that invests in venture funds, early-stage co-investments and venture debt.

CEO, Thim Ventures and Angels Den

Hosh brings over a decade of experience across all sides of the fundraising table, having served as Head of an Angel Syndicate, VC Investor, Startup Operator, and Investment Banker.

He sits as Founding Partner at Thim Ventures and CEO of Angels Den, leading the largest HNW and angel investor community in Europe with over 20,000 investors, 365 funded deals and portfolio valued at £2.5bn+.

As Founding Partner of Thim Ventures, Shosh leads a syndicate of angels, HNWS and family offices investing into early-stage technology. Whilst also leading the most impactful investor network operating across UK-India investment corridor. 

Shosh also mentors and trains new angel investors across different industry professions with creating a meaningful impact. Through Thim Advisors, Shosh delivers tailored advisory and consulting services, equipping entrepreneurs with the tools to secure the right funding partners and achieve their growth ambitions.

Shosh also hosts Angel Investor Meetups (AIM), a platform connecting 200+ angels, family offices, and funds, collectively responsible for over 300 investments. AIM fosters meaningful connections, networking, and deal-sharing.

Previously, Shosh was a Venture Capital investor at Old College Capital, managing investments for the University of Edinburgh’s £50 million fund. Earlier, he held strategic roles at Citi as an Investment Banker and Chief of Staff, overseeing 1,300 employees and financing activities across EMEA.

Shosh holds an M.A. with Honours in Mathematics from the University of Edinburgh.

Shosh Shetty

Deborah Cohen Malka

Partner and Portfolio Manager at AlbaCore Capital Group

Mrs. Cohen Malka is a Partner and Portfolio Manager at AlbaCore Capital Group. She has 15 years of experience in High Yield, Private Debt, Private Equity and Corporate Finance. She previously worked with Founding Partners of AlbaCore Capital Group, David Allen and Bill Ammons, at CPPIB where she was responsible for deal sourcing, execution and active portfolio management. Prior to that, Mrs. Cohen Malka worked as an associate at CCMP Capital Advisors and at Goldman Sachs International‘s Investment Banking Department focusing on M&A, Corporate Finance and IPOs.

Mrs. Cohen Malka holds a Masters in Management with a major in financial engineering from ESCP Europe.

Adil Seetal

Senior Managing Director, CVC Capital Partners

Adil Seetal is a Senior Managing Director in Capital Markets at CVC. Since joining the firm in 2015, he has led capital markets execution across CVC’s portfolio, spanning both debt and equity, and advises investment teams on capital structure, financing strategy and market timing. He works closely with banks, private credit and institutional investors on financings, IPOs and exit-related transactions. Prior to CVC, Adil worked in leveraged finance and M&A at Goldman Sachs and is SEO London Class of 2003.